SET EXAM 2019-2020 GEOGRAPHY DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

 GEOGRAPHY DETAILS OF SYLLABUS 

1. CONCEPTS AND TRENDS IN GEOGRAPHY General characteristics of Geography in the ancient and modern periods. Contributions of Herodotus, Erathosthenes, Strabo, Ptolemy, Humboldt, Ritter, Ratzel, Kant, Ritzthofen, Vidal de la Blache and Mackinder.Arab, American and Soviet contributions in geography, Dualism in Geography, Regional approach in Geography, Scientific approaches in Geography, Quantitative trends in Geography; influence of GIS. GPS and internet resources; Modern concepts in Geography.

 2. GEOMORPHOLOGY Gemorphological concepts; Structure of the earth; evolution of continents and oceans, weathering and erosion; Geomorphic agents, process and their impacts. Theories of landform development; Climate and landforms; Slopes; Planation surfaces; Geomorphic mapping; Applications of geomorphology; Man’s influence of landforms. 

3. CLIMATOLOGY Elements of weather and climate; Distribution of temperature and pressure; General circulation in the atmosphere, Planetary winds, Seasonal winds and Local winds, Atmospheric disturbances, Atmospheric moisture, Air masses and Fronts, Climatic classification-Koeppen and Thorthwaite, Ozone depletion, Global Warmming, El Nino, La Nino and Southern Oscillation. 

4. GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA Unity in diversity, Physiography , Climate, Drainage, Soil, Vegetation, irrigation, Crops - Rice, Wheat, Sugar cane, Cotton, Jute, Tea and Coffee, Land uses, Fisheries, Minerals, Industries – Iron and Steel, Textiles, Sugar, Paper and Fertilizer, Demographic characteristics, Multipurpose projects, Transport, Trade, Geography of Kerala.

 5. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Resources and economic development; Classification of resources Distribution of major resources; World agriculture regions: Won Thunen’s agricultural location theory; Witlesey’s classification; World industrial pattern, Weber’s industrial location theory. Losch’s hypothesis, Behaviour approach, structural approach, Patterns of the world trade.

 6. REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Concepts , Planning regions; Conceptual and theoretical framework of regional planning; Theories of regional development and planning; Analysis of regional development; Regional planning and development in India, Development processes; Resource base of Indian economy. Types of planning. Micro level planning, Spatial Planning; Watershed plan; People’s participation in the planning process; Sustainable development. 

7. URBAN GEOGRAPHY Urbanization, Trends of Urbanization; Classification of urban centres; Central place theory; Rank size rule; Urban morphology; City regions, Urban sprawl; Slums; Urban planning, Urban dynamics; Urban problems.

 8. CARTOGRAPHY Different types of maps; Phases of cartographic processes, Map scale Map projections, Quantitative techniques, Map design and layout; Lettering and toponomy; Compilation of maps; Thematic and complex mapping; Map reproduction, Construction of maps for specialized groups; Cartographic appreciation of maps. 

9. REMOTE SENSING & GIS Data generation and acquisition principles; Types of platforms, Photogrammetry; Image interpretation; Types of IRS data and their uses; Remote sensing in resource mapping; Definition and evolution of GIS, Components of GIS; Capabilities of GIS, Types of GIS, Vector and Raster data. Data base concepts; Data input; Data integration; Data modeling; Applications of GIS. 

 10. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY Man and environment relationship, Ecosystem – functioning of the ecosystem, Biodiversity, Mans modifications of the Biosphere, Environmental degradation – Air pollution, Water pollution, Noise pollution, Land degradation, Environmental management and planning – Environmental quality – Environmental Laws – Environmental Impact Assessment. 

11. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY Sources of population data, Distribution and Growth of population, Fertility and Mortality, Migration – Laws of migration, Concepts of Optimum and Overpopulation, Demographic transition theory, Population Resource Regions of the World, Theories of Population - Malthus, Ricardo and Marx. 

SET EXAM 2019-2020 GANDHIAN STUDIES DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

1. EARLY LIFE & INFLUENCE OF MAHATMA GANDHI Leo Tolstoy influence, Thoreau, Ruskin “UNTO THIS LAST”. Ashram vows or vratas – Five cardinal vows or Pancha Maha Vratas – Truth (Satya), Ahimsa (Non-Violence), Bharmacharya (celibacy) Astaya (Nonstealing)Aparigraha (Non-Possession). 

2. FUNDAMENTALS OF GANDHIAN THOUGHT Truth-Relative truth, Absolute Truth, from God is Truth to Truth is God, Truth through Non-Violence – Man and Society- Ends and Means, Non-violence as the Law of our being, Law of our species, Types of non-violence, Rights & Duties, Equality of religions (Sarvadharma samabhava ). Sarvodaya its origin & meaning, satyagraha origin & its meaning, simplicity of Life, Economic Equality –Constructive Programme. 

3. ECONOMIC THOUGHT OF MAHATMA GANDHI Ethical man and Economic man –Means & Ends, Simplicity of Life-Limitation of WantsEconomic Equality-Bread Labor-Trusteeship-Khadi & Village Industries-GlobalizationDecentralisation –Swadeshi- Self- Sufficiency – Alternative Development and Appropriate Technology- Sustainable Development- Gandhi’s views on Ecology-

4. POLITICAL IDEAS OF MAHATMA GANDHI Nature of the State – Liberty and Equality- Law- Justice – Power- Authority – Democracy-Socialism-Fascism- Rama Rajya Nationalism and Internationalism –Rights & Duties- Panchayati Raj- Gandhi and Parliamentarism – Rajvaiti – Gandhian Anarchy – Gramaswaraj –

 5. SOCIAL THOUGHT OF MAHATMA GANDHI Gandhi’s View’s on Concept of man- Removal of Untouchability – Gandhian approach to Health –Man and Society- Social equality- Varnashramadharma – Equality of WomenCommunal Harmony- Unity of Religion – Seven Sins and Gandhian Solution-FamilyMarriage-Caste System- Dowry System- Eradication of Child Marriage-Alcoholism and Drug Addiction.

 6. EDUCATIONAL THOUGHT OF MAHATMA GANDHI Basic Education-(Nai Talim) Evolution of Gandhian Educational Philosophy- Satyagraha Ashram and Sevagram Ashram-Contemporary Relevance of Basic Education-Gandhi & Women’s Education.

 7. GANDHIAN MOVEMENT IN INDIA Satyagraha Movement-Non-Co-Operation Movement-Civil-Disobedience MovementFasting-Champaran Satyagraha – Ahmedabad Mill owners Strike- BardoliSatyagraha – Vaikom Satyagraha-Salt-Satyagraha-Vinoba & Bhoodan Movement-Jaya Prakash Narayan’s Total Revolution-Quit India Movement-Khilafat Movement- Poorna Swaraj.

 8. GANDHIAN IDEAS ON PEACE STUDIES Meaning of Peace- Origin of Peace Studies- Characteristic and methodological features of Peace Studies-Different approaches to Peace Studies- Gandhian approach to PeaceRole of Shanti Sena in Peace Education. Reading List 1. Dhawan G.R.- The Political Ideas of Mahatma Gandhi 2. Bose N.K- Studies in Gandhism 3. D.G. Tendulkor – Mahatma –Life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 4. M. Maharajan- Economic Thought of Mahatma Gandhi 5. T.S. Devadoss- Sarvodaya and The Problem of Political Sovereignty 6. A.P. Varma - Political Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi 7. C. Kumarappa - Economic of Performance 8. Johan Galtung - Peace with Peaceful means, Sage Publication. 9. Das Gupta Ajith- Gandhi’s Economic Thought. 10. Bhattia H.L - History of Economic Thought. 11. Biku Pak- Gandhian Political Philosophy- A Critical Study 12. Datta D. M- The Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison,1953. 13. Fischer,L-The Life of Mahathma Gandhi. 14. Tendulkar –Sathyagraha in Champaran 15. Gandhi M.K –Constructive Prigramme.

SET EXAM 2019-2020 FRENCH DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

1. Poetry: XIV to XX century, giving special emphasis to the following literary movements: Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism, Parnassian, Surrealism, Dadaism and modern poetry. The following poets to be studied in detail : Ronsard, Corneille, Gautier, Lamartine, Vigny, Musset, Hugo, Andre Chenier, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Rimbaud, Mallarme, Freud, Tzara, St-Denys Garneau, Apollinaire and Jacques Prevert. 

2. Drama, Novel, Prose, Fable, Shortstory: XIV to XX Centruy. The following authors to be studied in detail: La Fontaine, Comeille, Racine, Moliere, Huge , Sartre, Camus, Peguy, Valery, Beaumarchais, Montesquieu, Gabriel Marcel, Anouilh , Montaigne, Guy de Maupassant and Simone de Beauvoir

 3. Grammar: The following topics to be studied in detail: Pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, imperatives, subjunctive. Tenses: present, past simple, past compose, future, imparfait, conditional, plus-queparfect past anterieur; present participle, past participle, gerund, complements de temps, de leiu, de moyen, de mamiere, phrases and clauses. 

4. History, geography, culture and ‘ beaux-arts’ of France from 16th to 20th century: Important historical events, the frontiers, rivers, and mountains of France, climate and agriculture, the life of the French people, their food habits, education system, culture, politics, monuments and palaces, cinema, fine arts with special reference to Fauvism, Cubism, impressionism and ‘Art abstrait.’ Architecture Gothic and Roman. Also ‘Haute-Couture’ and ‘French Cuisine’. 

5. Methodology, Francais langue etrangere, and Literary Criticism: Le language Francais, les journaux Francais, les revues Francais, methodologie ( en general), la language francophone, l’enseignement peadogogigue, la critique litteraire – Jakobson, Renan, and Saint-Beuve. 

6. Translation, idioms and phrases. Translation of idioms and phrases from French to English. 

SET EXAM 2019-2020 ECONOMICS DETAILS OF QUESTION PAPER

 I. MICRO ECONOMICS 

Demand Analysis Modern theories of demand-Revision of demand theory – revealed preferences-Choice under uncertainty. Theory of production and cost Production function short and long run-Technical progress-Capital and labour deepening-Production function and factor shares-Harrod’s and Hick’s versions-Empirical production functions-Cobb Douglass, CES, VES and translog production functions – Derivation of Cost functions from production functions. Traditional and modern theories of cost- Engineering cost curves. Price and output determination: Perfect competition – Marshall – Sraffa Views-Monopoly-Short run and long run equilibrium. Bilateral Monopoly- Price discrimination-Monopoly-Control and regulation. Monopolistic competition-Chamberlin model-Oligopoly-Non-CollusiveKinked demand curve. Critique of Neo –Classical theory of firm: The basic assumptions of neo-classical theory. The Hall and Hitch Report and the full cost pricing principle. Gorden’s attack on margmalism-Average cost pricing models- Bains limit pricing- Baumol’s theory of sales maximization- Marris model of managerial enterprise, Williamson’s model of managerial model discretion. The behavioural model of Cyert and March Bounded rationality. Distribution: Marginal productivity theory - Euler’s theorem and adding up problem. Macro theories of distribution – Ricardian, Marxian, Kaleckian and Kaldors. Capital Controversy: Central issues in capital theory, Problems of definitions and measurement of capital. I. General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics: Meaning of partical and general equilibrium - Walrasion 2x2x2 model critique of general equilibrium – theory of non-tatonnement processs - Arrow and Debreu. Social Welfare function. The Pareto optimality Criterion - The Kaldor-Hicks compensation criterion-Theory of second best – Arrows impossibility theorem. 

II. MACRO ECONOMICS

 Basic concepts - National Income Accounting - ISLM model - Keynesian and classical versions. Extension of ISLM model with government sector, labour market and flexible prices. Three sector macro models. Aggregate Demand, Saving and Investment: Keynesian psychological law of consumption consumption, theories, multiplier accelerator interaction. Investment, investment theories. Demand and supply of money: Classical and Keynesian approaches to demand for money- Friedman and modern quantity theory of money. Money supply determination in an open economy. Macro economics in an open Economy: ISLM analysis for an open economy. Balance of payments and Keynesian analysis. Mundell Fleming Model- Monetary approaches to balance of Payments. Theory of Inflation, Current Controversies in Macro Economics: Classical , Keynesian and Monetarist approaches to inflation – Phillips curve analysis – short run and long run Phillips curve-Rational Expectation Hypothesis. New classical macro Economics, Quantity constrained models- Dual decision hypothesis. NewKeynesian Economics- Supply side Economics, Real Business cycle approach. Macro Ecc Policy: Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy- crowding out effect. Main Policy issues – Keynesian, Monetarists and New Cambridge approach.

 III. QUANTITATIVE METHODS 

 Mathematical Methods Concept of functions and types of functions- limit continuity and derivatives-rules of differentiation-interpretations of revenue, cost , demand-supply functions- elasticities and their types-multi-variable functions- concept and types of production functions- rules of partial differentiation and interpretation of partial derivatives-problems of maxima and minima in single and multivariable functions- Un constrained and constrained optimization in simple economic problems- simple problems in marker equilibrium – concept of integration – simple rules of integration – application to consumer surplus and producer’s surplus-growth of capital. Determinants and their basic properties-Solution of Simultaneous equation through Cramer’s rule-Concept of Matrics-types-Matrix Algebra- Matrix inversion- Rank of a matrix- Eigen roots and vectors- introduction to input-output analysis- Leontief solutionStatic and dynamic model of Leontief. Statistical Methods Definition and scope of Statistics, Collection and organization, Presentation of data, Basic concept of Sampling – Random and non-random sampling – Simple random, Stratified random and proportionate sampling concept of an estimator and its sampling distribution. Measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, correlation concept of the least squares and the lines of regression- standard error of estimate. Partial and multiple correlation and regression and its applications. Probability – Various types of events. Classical and empirical definition of probability, Laws of addition and multiplication. Conditional probability concept of interdependence. 

IV. INDIAN ECONOMY – DEVELOPMENT / POLICY

 Planning in India Objectives and Strategy of Planning in India- Failures and achievement – developing grass root organizations for development-Panchayats, NGOs and Pressure groups. Demographic Features, Poverty and Unemployment: Broad demographic features of Indian population-population policy- unemployment. Resource Base and Infrastructure Economic Resources, Social Infrastructure- education and health: issues and policies in financing infrastructure development. Agricultural sector- Agricultural pricing-Issues in food security- agricultural policy. Industrial sector – Industrial growth and policy prior and after the economic reforms in 1991. Public Sector enterprises and performance . Privatisation and disinvestment debate. Exim policy – issues in labour market reforms, approaches to employment generation. Economic Policies. Economic Policies pursuit between 1950’s and 1980’s – Mixed Economic frame work- Market intervention policy. Structural adjustment reforms since 1991. Performance of Indian economy during the post reform period. Kerala Economy: Kerala economy at the eve of creation of the state- growth and structural changeKerala model of development and other hypothesis. Agricultural performance during the post- liberalization period- changing cropping pattern and agricultural productivity – changing agrarian relations- Labour Shortage in agricultural sector. Industrial growth since 1981- traditional and modern small scale industries- growth of information technology – Development of infrastructure and services during the pre and post liberalissation period ( since 1981) – Power , Road, Water and air transport, Railways, development of tourism, commercial baking, health and Education. Trends in educated unemployment. Changing trends in urban and rural poverty. Trends and patterns of migration to other states of India and abroad remittances and economic impact of gulf migration. Trends in state finance- Trends in revenue, expenditure and fiscal deficitsEconomic Policies and Planning – Economic Policies of LDF and UDF governments . Impact of the policies on promotion of investment, technological change, economic growth, employment and poverty. Performance and problems of decentralized planning. 

V. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

 Theories of International trade Theories of foreign trade before Adamsmith – classical and Neo –Classical theories of trade – Modern theories of international trade – Heckscher – Ohlin theory of trade – Leontief Paradox- Factor Price Equalization theorem- The neo – Heckscher ohlm model - trade models based on imperfect competition – Oligopolistic models – Krugmon model. Trade Policy Free trade – Protection – tariffs effects of tariffs – partial and general equilibrium approach – optimum tariffs – Import quotas- effects of quotas – Stopler Samuelson theorem. The Metzler Paradox – The Lerner Symmetry Theorem – Trade Policy and imperfect competition – the Falvey – neo Heckscher – Ohlin model – The Krugman neo – Chamberlin model – Tariffs and monopolies – Tariffs, subsidies and duopoly. The theory of Regional Blocks: Forms of economic co-operation – Reforms for the emergence of trading blocks at the global level. Rationale and economic progress of SAARC/SAPTA and ASEAN regions – Problems and prospects of forming customs union- in the Asian region – Regionalism (EU, NAFTA) – multilateralism. Balance of payments / Foreign Exchange/ International Monetary system Balance of payments accounting – Elasticity and absorption approaches – Foreign Exchange master – Flexible, floating exchange rates, Managed floats – fixed and pegged exchange rate. Bretton Woods System – Growth crisis and collapse – conditionality clause of IMF – International liquidity crisis – Debt trap – Latin American experience – Debt management – International financial institutions – IMF – IBRD-IDB-role in helping third world countries – Their achievements and failures. New International Economic Order Advances towards NIEO – Reforms of International Monetary System – Reformas of World Trading System – Globalization – New issues of globalization – India’s external economic relation - Impact of globalization in the Indian Economy. 

VI. ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT

 Relevance of development – world distribution of income – development Gap – measuring development and development gap – Human development Index – PQLI and alternative indices of development. Economic development and institutions – markets and market failures. State and state failures. Modern theories of Economic growth: Harrod – Domar model, Kaldors growth model, Meades model. Karl Marx: theory of social evolution - Variable capital and constant capital – surplus value and exploitation – Reserve army concept – Marx’s theory of under consumption. Dualism – technical, behavioural and social – dependency theory of development. The theory of Environmental Policy: Environmental externalites – Coase’s bargaining solution and collective action. Informal regulation and the new model of pollution control. Monitoring and enforcement of environmental regulation. Environmental institutions and grass root movements Trade and environment in WTO regions. Economics of National Resource Management and Sustainable development. Theories of optimal use of exhaustible and renewable resources. Environmental and development trade off and the concept of sustainable development. Macro economic policies and environment.

 VII. PUBLIC ECONOMICS

 Role of government in organized society , changing perspective government in a mixed economy. Public and Private sector for Co-operation or competition, Government as an agent for economic planning and development: Government as a tool for operationalizing the planning process. Private goods, public goods and merit goods. Rationale for Public Policies Pareto optimality – market failure: Imperfections, decreasing cost, externalities, uncertainity, information asymmetry. Public expenditure Wagner’s law of increasing state activities. Principles of public expenditure. Structure and growth of public expenditure. Public Revenue. Sources – Kinds of taxes, canons of taxation , principles, taxable capacity- shifting and incidence Public Debt: Classical view of Public debt- sources of Public debt. Classification of Public debt – Effects of Public debt. Fiscal Policy Link between fiscal and monetary policy . Budgetary deficits and its measurement. Fiscal policy for stabilization. Indian Public Finance Fiscal federalism- Centre State Financial Relations – Finance Commissions. 

SET EXAM 2019-2020 COMMERCE DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

Module I Business environment – Concepts, types – internal – external environment analysis Economic environment – economic systems – industrial policies – fiscal policies – monitory policy – EXIM policy – economic reforms and liberalization Political and legal environment – government and business – FEMA – IPR – regulatory bodies – industrial policy of India. Socio cultural environment – social institutions and systems – social values and attitudes – social groups – middle class – emerging rural sector in India – Consumerism in India. International and technological environment – multinational corporations – foreign collaborations and Indian business – non-resident Indians and corporate sector – international economic institutions – WTO – IMF – IBRD.

 Module II Management Information Systems – conceptual structure of MIS – system concepts – data processing concepts – database management – data security – system analysis and design – e-commerce – classification.

 Module III Research methodology – Meaning and objectives – types – research process – research design – sampling collection of data – application of statistical tools – research report Module IV Management concepts and thoughts – management concepts – development of management thought – management process – planning – organizing – staffing – directing – controlling – motivation – group dynamics and team development – organizational conflicts – organization development.

Module V Strategic management – concept of strategy – environmental analysis – internal corporate analysis – strategic financial analysis – strategic choices – functional strategies – implementation and evaluation of strategies. 

Module VI Financial Accounting – concepts and conventions of accounting – elements and principles – accounting standards – depreciation – trading and profit and loss account – balance sheet – accounting from incomplete records – consignment – hire purchase and installment – joint venture – accounts of non-trading concerns – branch and department accounting – partnership accounts – admission – retirement – death and dissolution – company accounts – shares – final accounts – amalgamation, absorption and reconstruction – liquidation – valuation of shares and goodwill – double account system – insurance claims – government accounting – investment accounting – voyage accounts – insolvency – farm accounting – inflation accounting human resource accounting. 

Module VII Cost and Management Accounting – basic concepts – elements of cost – material, labour, expenses – overheads – job, batch and contract costing – Process costing – marginal costing – differential cost analysis – cost reduction and cost control – standard costing – budget and budgetary control – cost audit – basic concepts of management accounting – analysis and interpretation of financial statements – fund flow and cash flow – ratio analysis – management of working capital – working capital structure – cost of capital – capital budgeting. 

Module VIII Financial Management – financial planning and control – sources of capital – capitalization – capital structure – cost of capital – internal financing – leverages – working capital management and control – investment decisions – dividend policy – financial forecasting and budgeting – lease financing – factoring services – securitization – financial re-engineering.

 Module IX Quantitative Techniques – concept of random variable – correlation and regression – probability and sampling – statistical inferences – testing of hypothesis of (t,z,F,x2 and ANOVA) – linear programming – transportation and assignment techniques – network analysis (CPM AND PERT) Module X Banking and Marketing – Indian banking structure, commercial banks, law of negotiable instruments, banking practice – e-banking – core-banking. Marketing concepts – functions – segmentation – behaviour – pricing. 

SET EXAM 2020-21 CHEMISTRY DETAILS OF SYLLABUS

1 PERIODICITY AND CHEMISTRY OF MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS

 Origin and abundance of elements in the universe. Periodic trends in atomic, physical and chemical properties. General discussion on main group elements. Noble gas compounds. Classification, preparation, properties application and structure of borides, carbides, nitrides, silicates, silicones, fullerenes. Inter halogen and pseudo-halogen compounds. Nuclear Chemistry Radioactive decay, half life -average life- equilibrium nuclear reactions, Q value, Nuclear fusion, fission. Principles of GM, proportional, Ionisation and scintillation counter. Neutron activation analysis. Applications of radioactivity.

 2 CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS 

 Transition Elements - Electronic configuration, oxidation state and general characteristics. First, second and third rows of transition elements and their important compounds. Lanthanides and Actinides - Occurrence, electronic configuration, oxidation state, size of atoms, ions- magnetic and spectral properties. Applications of Lanthanides, actinides and their compounds. 

3 COORDINATION CHEMISTRY

 Nomenclature of coordination compounds. Isomerism, stability, VB theory, crystal field theory, MO theory, stereochemistry of octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar complexes, Jahn Teller effect. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes, selection rule, term symbols, Orgel diagram. Spectro-chemical series, nephelauxetic effect, charge transfer spectra. Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes, spin only formula, quenching of orbital magnetic moment , measurement of magnetic moment Para-dia-ferro - ferri and antiferromagnetism.

 4 ORGANOMETALLIC AND BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY

 Types of organo metallic compounds, terminology,18 electron rule. Metal carbonyls General properties, nature of bonding ,structure and shapes of metal carbonyls of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, metal alkene complexes, metal sandwich compounds - ferrocene, dibenzene chromium. Haemoglobin-structure and functions,myoglobin, cytochromes, ferredoxins, chlorophyll -photosynthesis, vitamin B12 structure and functions, Nitrogen fixation. 

5 APPLIED AND INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

 Metallurgy - General principles of extraction of metals from ores, refining of metals, manufacture of steel, heat treatment. Applications of organometallic compounds Wilkinsons catalyst, hydroformylation, Wacker’s process,Ziegler Natta catalysis. Importance of green chemistry

 6 SOLID STATE 

 Crystal systems and lattice types crystal symmetry. Miller indices-BCC, FCC, HCP, voids coordination numbers. Molecular, covalent, metallic and hydrogen bonded crystals. Principles of XRD techniques. Determination of lattice type and unit cell dimension of cubic crystals. Electronic structure of solids. Band theory, Electric, maganetic and dielectric properties of solids. Crystal defects: point, line and plane defects. Crystal structure- Rock salt, Zinc blende, KCl, CsCl, diamond, Fluorite.

 7 ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLES

 Historic laws of stoichiometry, Atomic theory, chemical equation, stoichiometric calculations. Evaluation of analytical data. Accuracy and precision, standard deviation, varianceconfidence limit -’t’ test. Errors -classification, distribution propagation, causes and minimisation. Significant figures and computation rules. Titrimetric method-general principles - Theory and applications of acid-base, redox and complexometric titrations. Theory of indicators. Gravimetric methods of analysis. Formation of precipitates. Co-precipitation, homogeneous precipitation. Drying and ignition of precipitates.

 8 MECHANISM OF ORGANIC REACTIONS AND AROMATICITY

 Electron displacements - inductive, electromeric, mesomeric and hyper conjugative effects. Reactive intermediates, formation and stability of carbo cation, carbanion, carbenes, nitrene, benzyne and free radicals . Type of organic reactions - subtitution, addition, eliminatoin and rearrangement Huckel's rule. Homo, hetero and non benzenoid aromatic systems. Aromaticity of annulenes. Cyclic carbocations and carbanions. Antiaromaticity.

9 SELECTIVE ORGANIC REACTIONS

 Mannich, Reimer-Tiemann, Reformatsky, Ullmann, Stork enamine,Diels-Alder, Grignard and MPV reactions. Aldol, Cannizzaro, Perkin, Dieckmann, Thorpe and acyloin condensations. Birch ,Wolff-Kishner and Clemmensen reductions. Hydroboration and Oppenauer oxidation. Rearrangements -1,2, shifts 1,3, shifts, Pinacol-pinacolone, Claisen, Cope, Wagner- Meerwin, Fries, Beckmann and Curtius.

 10 STEREO CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

 Molecular chirality-enantiomers, diastereomers, stereo chemical nomenclature, optical activity. Recemisation, resolution, conformational analysis of cycloalkanes, Conformational analysis of disubstituted cyclohexane derivatives, stereo selective and stereospecific reactions. Assigning-configuration and conformation. \

11 ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PERICYCLIC REACTIONS Photo chemistry: Laws of photochemistry Radiative and non radiative transitions. Fluorescence and quenching. Photosensitisation. Chemiluminescence. Cis-trans isomerization, Paterno-Buchi reaction, Norrish Type I and II reactions, dipimethane rearrangement, photochemistry of arenes. Selection rules and steriochemistry of electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition and sigmatropic shifts. Cope and Claisen rearrangements. 

12 ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY U.V.Electronic transition in enes, enones and arenes. Woodward-Fieser rules. Group frequencies in I R-Identification of functional groups with IR. Mass spectrometryNMR spectroscopy 1H NMR 13C NMR-chemical shifts,spin-spin-interactions, spectral interpretation.

 13 CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS Terpenoids - classification, structure of alpha pinene and Camphor Alkaloidsclassification - structure of papavarine and quinine , structure of synthesis of flavones and isoflavons, Lipids - classification and structure. 14 CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES Stereochemistry of steroids-cholesterol. Structure and synthesis Vitamin A, C, B, K and biotin. Proteins-Structure organisation of proteins, sequence determination in peptides and proteins. Edman degradation.Chemistry of -nucleic acid, structure of DNA. Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen.

 15 CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERS Types and mechanism of polymerisation reaction Sterio chemistry and kinetics of polymerisation, Measurement of molecular mass and size, Synthesis of sterio regular polymers, Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Manufacture and application of polyolefins ,thermoplastics, polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, epoxides and industrial polymers. 

16 SEPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION TECHNIQUES 

 Chromatographic methods, classification, column, TLC, PC, HPLC, GC. Detectors, theory of chromatography. Affinity and chiral columns, solvent extraction, liquid-liquid extraction. Distribution law- successive extraction Craig method. Normal and ultracentrifugation, Electrophoresis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements in organic compounds, determination of molecular mass of compounds. 

17 QUANTUM CHEMISTRY

 Black body radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton effect and atomic spectra. de Broglie hypothesis, Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Postulates of quantum mechanics. Operators, wave function, Eigen function and eigenvalue. Orthogonality, normalisation, probability and expectation value. Schrodinger wave equation for a free particle, particle in a one dimensional box degeneracy. Application of quantum mechanics to simple systems. Simple harmonic oscillator. Hydrogen like atom, Schrodinger wave equation in spherical polar coordinate. Separation of variables. Atomic orbitals, space quantisation, Pertubation theory and variation principle. Self consistent field method. Term symbols, Slater's rule. 

18 CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR SYMMETRY MO theory of hydrogen molecule ion. VB theory of H2 . Resonance. MO theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules and simple heteronuclear diatomic molecules bond order and stability. Concept of hybriidation - types, shapes of polyatomic molecules, VSEPR theory, Symmetry elements and symmetry operations. Point groups. Multiplication of operations. Conditions for a set of elements to form a group. Group multiplication table . Similarity transformation and classification of symmetry operations. Reducible and irreducible representations. Orthogonality theorom and rules derived form it. Setting up of character tables of simple groups such as C2v and C3v. The four areas of the character table. 

19 SPECTROSCOPY Energy levels in molecules principle and selection rules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Microwave spectroscopy. Intensity of spectral lines. Calculation of internuclear distance. Rotational spectrum of polyatomic molecules. Instrumentation. Vibrational spectroscopy-Harmonic and anharmonic diatomic molecules. Mass function Determination of force constant. Different branches of spectrum. Vibrational sptrba of polyatomic molecules classification of vibrations. Overtones, combination and Fermi resonance. Finger print and group frequencies. Instrumentation. Raman Spectra. Polarisability and classical theory of Raman spectrum. Mutual exclusion principle complimentarity of Raman and IR spectra Instrumentation. Electronic Spectra Frank- Condon principle. Types of electronic transitions. Fortrat diagram. Predissociation.. Effect of conjugation on electronic absorption frequencies. Instrumentation. Resonance spectroscopy. NMR spectrum. Nuclear spin. Proton NMR chemical shift Relaxation methods. Spin-- Spin coupling. Instrumentation. ESR spectrum. The ‘g’ factor. Fine structure and hyperfine structure.

 20 GASES, LIQUIDS, LIQUID CRYSTALS The distribution of molecular velocities. Maxwells equation. Average, RMS and most probable velocities. Influence of temperature on molecular velocities. Mean free path, effusion. Transport properties: Viscosity, thermal conductivity and diffusion. Influence of temperature and pressure on transport properties. Liquid state - properties, Lennard - Jones theory of melting, specific heat of liquids. Liquid crystals - types - theories - applications. 

21 THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS Laws of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic properties-Intrinsic energy, enthalpy, entropy, free energy- their relation and significances. Maxwell relation. Joule-thomson effect. Joule Thomson coefficient. Properties of solutions - Raoult's law, Colligative properties. Thermodynamics of ideal solution. Partial molar quantities. Chemical potentials. Duhem-Margules equation. Excess thermodynamic properties. Fugacity and activity. Chemical Equilibrium - Le Chatelier principle, homogeneous and heterogeneous system. Spontaneity of reactions. Free energy functions. Phase Equilibria. Derivation of phase rule. Two component and three component systems. Isothermal evaporation. Microstates and ensembles, Maxwell Boltzman distribution. The partition functions- translational, vibrational and rotational. Partition functions and thermodynamics properties. Quantum Statistics: Bose- Einstein statistics Fermi- Dirac statistics. Relations between Maxwell Boltzman, Bose- Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics. 

22 CHEMICAL KINETICS Types of reactions - simple & complex, order and molecularity. Branching reactions - steady state treatment. Unimolecular reactions Lindemann treatment . Kinetics of fast reactions. Reaction like H2 -Cl2 , H2 -Br2 and decomposition of ethane, acetaldehyde Influence of temperature on reaction rate- energy of activation. Collision theory and absolute reaction rate theory. Free energy of activation and volume of activation Thermodynamic formulation of reaction rate. Reactions in solution: Comparison between reaction in gas phase and in solutions. Factors determining reaction rates in solution- primary and secondary kinetic salt effects. Influence of solvent on reaction rate. Hammet equation. 

23 SURFACE CHEMISTRY, COLLOIDS AND CATALYSIS Types of surfaces. Examination of surfaces using ESCA, Auger, SEM and STM.. Thermodynamics of surface. Surface tension. Surfactants and miscelles. Surface film. Surface pressure and surface potential. Freundlich, Langmuir and BET adsorption isotherms. Physisorption and Chemisorption. Measurement of surface area. The colloidal state: Types of colloids. Stability and zeta potential. Properties of colloids. Kinetic, optical and electro kinetic. Donnan membrane equilibrium. Catalysis: Homogeneous and Heterogenous catalysis. Acid-base and enzyme catalysis. Langmuir Heinshelwood mechanism.

 24 ELECTRO CHEMISTRY AND ELECTRO ANALYTICAL METHODS Ions in solution, ionic equilibrium and Electrolysis. Deviation from ideal behaviour, ionic activity ion solvent interaction. Born equation. Ion Ion interaction. Activity co-efficient and its determination. Debye Huckel limiting law. Debye Huckel treatment . Onsager equation. Conductance of high frequencies and high potentials. Different types of electrodes. Electrochemical cells. Concentration cell and activity co efficient determination. Liquid junction potential. Evaluation of thermodynamic properties. Electrokinetic-phenomenon. Electrolysis current potential curves. Dissolution, deposition and decomposition potentials. Different types of over potentials. Hydrogen and Oxygen over voltage. Theories of over voltage. Conductometric titrations. Potentiometric methods: reference and indicator electrodes. Hydrogen calomel, Ag-AgCl electrodes. The glass electrode. Measurement of pH. Potentiometric titrations. Electrogravimentry principle and method.