GEOGRAPHY
DETAILS OF SYLLABUS
1. CONCEPTS AND TRENDS IN GEOGRAPHY
General characteristics of Geography in the ancient and modern periods.
Contributions of Herodotus, Erathosthenes, Strabo, Ptolemy, Humboldt, Ritter, Ratzel,
Kant, Ritzthofen, Vidal de la Blache and Mackinder.Arab, American and Soviet
contributions in geography, Dualism in Geography, Regional approach in Geography,
Scientific approaches in Geography, Quantitative trends in Geography; influence of GIS.
GPS and internet resources; Modern concepts in Geography.
2. GEOMORPHOLOGY
Gemorphological concepts; Structure of the earth; evolution of continents and oceans,
weathering and erosion; Geomorphic agents, process and their impacts. Theories of
landform development; Climate and landforms; Slopes; Planation surfaces; Geomorphic
mapping; Applications of geomorphology; Man’s influence of landforms.
3. CLIMATOLOGY
Elements of weather and climate; Distribution of temperature and pressure; General
circulation in the atmosphere, Planetary winds, Seasonal winds and Local winds,
Atmospheric disturbances, Atmospheric moisture, Air masses and Fronts, Climatic
classification-Koeppen and Thorthwaite, Ozone depletion, Global Warmming, El Nino,
La Nino and Southern Oscillation.
4. GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Unity in diversity, Physiography , Climate, Drainage, Soil, Vegetation, irrigation, Crops -
Rice, Wheat, Sugar cane, Cotton, Jute, Tea and Coffee, Land uses, Fisheries, Minerals,
Industries – Iron and Steel, Textiles, Sugar, Paper and Fertilizer, Demographic
characteristics, Multipurpose projects, Transport, Trade, Geography of Kerala.
5. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
Resources and economic development; Classification of resources Distribution of major
resources; World agriculture regions: Won Thunen’s agricultural location theory;
Witlesey’s classification; World industrial pattern, Weber’s industrial location theory.
Losch’s hypothesis, Behaviour approach, structural approach, Patterns of the world trade.
6. REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
Concepts , Planning regions; Conceptual and theoretical framework of regional planning;
Theories of regional development and planning; Analysis of regional development;
Regional planning and development in India, Development processes; Resource base of
Indian economy. Types of planning. Micro level planning, Spatial Planning; Watershed
plan; People’s participation in the planning process; Sustainable development.
7. URBAN GEOGRAPHY
Urbanization, Trends of Urbanization; Classification of urban centres; Central place
theory; Rank size rule; Urban morphology; City regions, Urban sprawl; Slums; Urban
planning, Urban dynamics; Urban problems.
8. CARTOGRAPHY
Different types of maps; Phases of cartographic processes, Map scale Map projections,
Quantitative techniques, Map design and layout; Lettering and toponomy; Compilation of
maps; Thematic and complex mapping; Map reproduction, Construction of maps for
specialized groups; Cartographic appreciation of maps.
9. REMOTE SENSING & GIS
Data generation and acquisition principles; Types of platforms, Photogrammetry; Image
interpretation; Types of IRS data and their uses; Remote sensing in resource mapping;
Definition and evolution of GIS, Components of GIS; Capabilities of GIS, Types of GIS,
Vector and Raster data. Data base concepts; Data input; Data integration; Data modeling;
Applications of GIS.
10. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY
Man and environment relationship, Ecosystem – functioning of the ecosystem,
Biodiversity, Mans modifications of the Biosphere, Environmental degradation – Air
pollution, Water pollution, Noise pollution, Land degradation, Environmental
management and planning – Environmental quality – Environmental Laws –
Environmental Impact Assessment.
11. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
Sources of population data, Distribution and Growth of population, Fertility and
Mortality, Migration – Laws of migration, Concepts of Optimum and Overpopulation,
Demographic transition theory, Population Resource Regions of the World, Theories of
Population - Malthus, Ricardo and Marx.
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