1. Socio-Cultural Anthropology
Meaning and Scope; its relation to other disciplines; British, American and Indian
traditions; Ethnography and Ethnology
Basic concepts: Society, Culture and Civilization; Community, Group, Institution,
Association; Status and Role; Social Structure and Social Organization
Marriage: Types and Functions; Preferential and Prohibited, Incest Taboo;
Marriage Regulations, Marriage payments; Universal definition of marriage.
Family: Types and Functions; Indian Joint Family System; Universality of Family
Kinship: Terms and Usages - Classificatory and descriptive; Kinship behaviour;
Rules of Descent; Patterns of residence, inheritance and succession; Kin Groups.
Economic Organization: Types of Economy: Subsistence and Surplus; Modes of
production: hunting and gathering, horticulture, pastoral and agricultural; Modes
of Exchange: barter, ceremonial exchange, reciprocity, redistribution, market
exchange.
Political Organization: Politics and Government; Authority systems and Pattern of
leadership; Stateless and State societies. Centralisation and Decentralisation;
Legal and other mechanisms of social control; Political and Reform Movements.
Religion: Theories of origin of religion; Magic, religion and science; Totemism,
myth and ritual; Sacred and profane, Rites of passage.
2. Bio-Physical and Archeological Anthropology
Meaning and scope of Biological Anthropology; Its relation to other disciplines
Human evolution and variation; Theories of evolution: Lamarckism, NeoLamarckism,
Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism; Synthetic theory
Man’s place in the animal kingdom; Primates; Relationship between Humans and
Apes; Fossil Evidence and the emergence of humans: Ardipithecus,
Australopithecus, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthals, Cro-Magnon
Human Genetics and Inheritance; ABO Blood Group system, Rhesus Blood
Group System
Human variation: Race and Racism; Racial classification: Caucasoid, mangaloid,
and Negroid
Meaning and scope of Archaeological anthropology; its relation to other branches
of knowledge; Pre-history, Protohistory, History
Major stages in prehistoric cultural evolution: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and
Neolithic; Methods of Dating and their relevance in Archaeology
Tools, artefacts, assemblages, site, and industries; Stone Tool Typology
3. Indian Society and Culture
Peasant Societies: definition and characteristics; Conceptual tools in the analysis
of peasant societies, Social organization of tradition.
Indian village communities: Features, settlement pattern, solidarity; Jajmani
system
Caste and class theories; Varna and Jati; Purity and Pollution; Concept of
Dominant caste. Social Mobility; Fission and fusion
Processes of change: Industrialization, Urbanization, Sanskritisation,
Westernisation and Modernisation
Folk-urban and Tribe-caste continuum; Great Tradition and Little Tradition;
Universalisation and Parochialisation; Sacred Complex
Important Pioneers of Indian Anthropology: L. K Ananthakrishna Iyer, G.S.
Ghurye, N.K. Bose, D.N. Majumdar, Verrier Elwin, M.N. Srinivas, A. Aiyappan,
S.C. Dube, L.P. Vidyarthi
4. The Tribes of India
Concept and definition of tribe; The views of Redfield, E. M. Foster, Andre
Beteille, Surajit Sinha; Distribution of tribes in India: Geographical. Linguistic
classification.
Major tribes of India and Tribes of Kerala
Transformation of tribes; Theories of transformation: Verrier Elwin to K. S.
Singh; Tribal movements.
Tribal Issues: Forest, Land Alienation, Indebtedness, Poverty, Illiteracy,
Displacement;
Tribal development policies and programmes; National Tribal Policy
5. Research Methodology
Fieldwork tradition in Anthropology; Difference between Field research and
Survey research
Inductive and Deductive research strategies; Emic and Etic Approaches
Basic techniques and methods of data collection and Analysis: Interview,
Observation, Schedule, Questionnaire, Case Study and Extended Case Study
Method, Genealogy, Controlled comparison, Content analysis, and Interpretation.
6. Theory of Culture
Basic Concepts: Culture, Culture Traits, Culture Complex, Culture Area, Age
Area; Cultural Relativism
Theories of Cultural Evolution: Morgan, Tylor, Steward, White, Sahlins and
Service.
Theories of Cultural Diffusion: Beals, Kroeber, Wissler
Malinowski and the theory of need and institution
Theories of social structure: Radcliffe Brown, Fortes, Nadel, Leach.
Social structure as a model: Levi-Strauss.
Raymond Firth on social structure and organization.
Cultural Materialism of Marvin Harris
Patterns of Culture. Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead
National Character Studies: Mead, Linton, Kardiner
7. Development Anthropology
Concept of Development; Theories, Models and Approaches; Indices and
Measures of Human Development; Human Development Index. Sustainable
Human Development
Development Planning; Rural Development; Panchayati Raj; Land Reforms.
Tribal Development Administration; Concept of Scheduled Tribes; Scheduled
area; Scheduled Caste; Backward classes and minority communities
Constitutional Safeguards for SCs and STs.
8. Ecological and medical Anthropology
Meaning and Scope and Theories of Ecological Anthropology; Environmental
determinism and Possiblism; Cultural Materialism; Cultural Ecology; Human
Ecology
Various modes of Adaptations in pre-industrial societies: Hunting-gathering,
Fishing, Pastoral Nomadism, Shifting cultivation, Horticulture, Settled cultivation
Health, Culture and Society: Concepts of health and disease; Epidemiology.
Ethno medicine; Medical Pluralism in India
Application of Anthropological knowledge in promoting healthcare in tribal and
rural communities.
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